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Naca budget workbook version 18.210/31/2022 In this chapter, we explore each of the environments defined by the ancient Greeks in descending order based on their distance from Earth’s core. Oxides are present in all our planet’s major environments. These interactions form the basis for this final chapter of our book. Conversely, the interactions between oxides, water, and organisms help define many of the environments that allow life on Earth to thrive. The chemical transformations of oxides are strongly influenced by all the environmental conditions they encounter in their life cycle (see Chapter 17). Weathered oxides in the form of dust are blown by wind and enter the atmosphere, where they influence the chemistry of the air we breathe and the rainfall that supports continental life. Water weathers these pristine rocks, which are gradually broken down to form earth, which includes the wide diversity of other rock types, soils, and sediments covering the surfaces of our continents and ocean floors. This heat produces the igneous rocks found in volcanoes and our major mountain chains. Many oxides that comprise Earth’s surface are born by the fire represented by the massive heat of Earth’s interior as mediated by plate tectonics. Although we now know there are at least 118 elements, of which 98 are naturally occurring, these ancient descriptions aptly describe the habitats on Earth that are occupied by oxides and living things. The ancient Greek philosopher Empedocles defined our environments using the four basic elements of fire, earth, wind, and water.
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